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The ''Mona Lisa'' ((イタリア語:Monna Lisa) (:ˈmɔnna ˈliːza) or ''La Gioconda'' (:la dʒoˈkonda), (フランス語:La Joconde)) is a half-length portrait of a woman by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci, which has been acclaimed as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world".〔John Lichfield, ''(The Moving of the Mona Lisa )'', The Independent, 2005-04-02 (Retrieved 9 March 2012)〕 The painting, thought to be a portrait of Lisa Gherardini, the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, is in oil on a white Lombardy poplar panel, and is believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506. Leonardo may have continued working on it as late as 1517. It was acquired by King Francis I of France and is now the property of the French Republic, on permanent display at the Louvre Museum in Paris since 1797.〔Carrier, David (2006). ''Museum Skepticism: A History of the Display of Art in Public Galleries''. Duke University Press. p. 35. ISBN 0822387573〕 The subject's expression, which is frequently described as enigmatic, the monumentality of the composition, the subtle modeling of forms, and the atmospheric illusionism were novel qualities that have contributed to the continuing fascination and study of the work.〔 ==Title and subject== (詳細はRenaissance art historian Giorgio Vasari, who wrote "Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife."〔(イタリア語:Prese Lionardo a fare per Francesco del Giocondo il ritratto di mona Lisa sua moglie)〕 ''Mona'' in Italian is a polite form of address originating as ''ma donna'' – similar to ''Ma’am'', ''Madam'', or ''my lady'' in English. This became ''madonna'', and its contraction ''mona''. The title of the painting, though traditionally spelled "Mona" (as used by Vasari〔), is also commonly spelled in modern Italian as ''Monna Lisa'' ("mona" being a vulgarity in some Italian dialects) but this is rare in English. Vasari's account of the ''Mona Lisa'' comes from his biography of Leonardo published in 1550, 31 years after the artist's death. It has long been the best-known source of information on the provenance of the work and identity of the sitter. Leonardo's assistant Salaì, at his death in 1525, owned a portrait which in his personal papers was named ''la Gioconda'', a painting bequeathed to him by Leonardo. That Leonardo painted such a work, and its date, were confirmed in 2005 when a scholar at Heidelberg University discovered a marginal note in a 1477 printing of a volume written by the ancient Roman philosopher Cicero. Dated October 1503, the note was written by Leonardo's contemporary Agostino Vespucci. This note likens Leonardo to renowned Greek painter Apelles, who is mentioned in the text, and states that Leonardo was at that time working on a painting of Lisa del Giocondo.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/Englisch/news/monalisa.html )〕 The model, Lisa del Giocondo,〔 〕 was a member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Tuscany, and the wife of wealthy Florentine silk merchant Francesco del Giocondo.〔 The painting is thought to have been commissioned for their new home, and to celebrate the birth of their second son, Andrea. The Italian name for the painting, ''La Gioconda'', means "jocund" ("happy" or "jovial") or, literally, "the jocund one", a pun on the feminine form of Lisa's married name, "''Giocondo"''.〔 In French, the title ''La Joconde'' has the same meaning. Before that discovery, scholars had developed several alternative views as to the subject of the painting. Some argued that Lisa del Giocondo was the subject of a different portrait, identifying at least four other paintings as the ''Mona Lisa'' referred to by Vasari. Several other women have been proposed as the subject of the painting. Isabella of Aragon, Cecilia Gallerani, Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla,〔 Isabella d'Este, Pacifica Brandano or Brandino, Isabela Gualanda, Caterina Sforza—even Salaì and Leonardo himself—are all among the list of posited models portrayed in the painting.〔 The consensus of art historians in the 21st century maintains the long-held traditional opinion, that the painting depicts Lisa del Giocondo.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mona Lisa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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